When I’m done writing, I will file this under my definition of pop culture but I want to write it out here first:
So, I thought I had come across all these illuminating ideas during my winter break and couldn’t wait to piece them together for a coherent definition for myself and for everyone else who is interested. But now that I look at my notes, they don’t seem particularly profound.
Let me give it a go. The following will be a loose mix of paraphrasing, quotes and my interpretations. But I will make appropriate attributions not following any strict rules of citation.
By chance, I happened upon a textbook entitled Rethinking Popular Culture, eds. Chandra Mukerji & Michael Schudson published by University of California Press in 1991, and starting reading it.
I will refer you to the actual book if you’re looking for more in-depth analyses. I will just tell you the few ideas that stood out from the introduction written by the editors which was a review of their thoughts and theories as well as overview of the book chapters.
1) paraphrased from p. 3 : Authentic folk cultures have metropolitan or elite roots and mass culture is incorporated into ordinary people’s everyday lives so we can’t make distinctions between pop culture and high culture or authentic people-generated folk culture from unauthentic, degraded (their word), commercially-borne mass culture.
So, what I got from that is that the origins and roots of pop culture and elite culture can be traced back to the same sources. What the book also indicated was that the distinction is more of a political one rather than aesthetic or intellectual.
I must say that I agree with that. They point out that back in the day of Shakespeare, the typical audience of a play performance was that of say a Yankees game (my example, not theirs) today, i.e., diversified across all cross-sections of the socio-economic map. And they also note that in Boston, the “Brahmins” made an effort to make art and classical music class-divided rather than of the people as it naturally was.
Other things to think about are the role of literacy in the development of culture. Oral traditions included literate individuals reading outloud either verbatim or more likely, interpreting outloud written accounts for those unable to read themselves. So, if we consider the “elite” as being those with access to education and thus able to read, then does that mean their culture is not pop culture but rather what is defined as elite culture? Then again, think of how the non-literate population was still able to access so-called elite culture. They could hear about it from the storytellers and attend plays and concerts.
Then next idea that I found relevant is apparently well-known in the academic field but previously unknown to me:
Max Weber said that we should study and consider how we make meaning in our world. Clifford Geertz in The Interpretation of Cultures published by Basic Books in 1973 said: “Weber showed us human beings are creatures who live suspended in webs of meaning they themselves have spun.”
The ideas of Robert Park and George Herbert Mead from University of Chicago as well as those of John Dewey and William James can be distilled in this context as studying the emergence of: “how people make meaning and make society through the experience of everyday social interactions….” (p. 29)
Hold on because I just have a couple of more ideas to throw out to you:
Michel Foucault, Roland Barthes and Christian Metz considered the sensual nature of the process of reading, that is, “what makes reading a book or watching a film pleasurable” (p.48).
Further, the ideas of Jacques Lacan make us consider how are basic needs of humans addressed through culture?
The last ideas of the day come from Foucault’s question of what does it mean to be an author and Janice Radway’s question of what does it mean to be a reader. The authors in the intro ask us to think about how the more we consider objects and ideas (movies, music, books, etc.) interpretable, or to be more academic, “textual,” then, the more relevant the interpretations and interpreters are to the meanings of these objects and ideas. Interpretation produces meaning. It’s a cyclical thing.
So, the definition of pop culture is deep and more than simply youth culture although youth culture is often a sub-culture of pop culture. Pop culture is more than what’s accessible although it is part of the definition. As I’ve mentioned before, sub-cultures or underground cultures are also part of the vast world of pop culture. For example, the gaming world is part of pop culture, but not everyone is part of it. The manga/anime world is part of pop culture but it’s still a specialized area. Underground, unsigned music is part of what I would consider pop culture, as indicated by its inclusion on this site but obviously if a group is unsigned, how accessible is their music?
I think pop culture is what we, the people, consider important, interesting, fun or just plain entertaining. I guess the question is, is there a worthwhile distinction between what’s considered high culture and pop culture? Or is it just political? I know I’m backtracking here but is accessibility, or appeal to a typical consumer or individual without particular training or education about a topic, form of communication or entertainment of whatever the medium and product/idea/object part of what makes something of pop culture vs. high culture? I don’t think so.
I realize I’m using the term “accessiblity” or “accessible” in two ways: 1) actual physical availability and 2) intellectual availability – is it presented in such a way someone without specialized knowledge can understand and enjoy it?
The more I read over what I’ve written, the more ideas become clearer to me. So, it seems that the original term “pop culture” is derived from the idea of commercially-produced “culture” as opposed to individually-produced, more organic culture.
But what I consider pop culture is more refined than the idea of mass-produced culture or elements of culture because, and this ties into the ideas of authorship and readership mentioned above, if we don’t care for what is produced, then is it relevant? I don’t mean, if only a few like something, is it relevant. Of course it is still relevant. I mean, if someone tries to force-feed an idea or object to the public and say, this is cool, like it and we reject it, what does that mean?
I think at some point, and perhaps some people would argue that still, pop culture comprises only those ideas, movies, books, music, etc. churned up and out for the general public using the proverbial lowest common-denominator.
But I would argue, and it seems I’m not alone, that the concept of pop culture now encompasses something different, something more substantial. The term refers to what is cool, what is in, yes, what is popular. I’ve already said yes, I mean currently, but I think there is a timelessness to pop culture as well. The more I try to define and analyze, the more I feel like I’m trying to explain. I might have to retract what I said about how my ideas are becoming clearer to me. But I’m trying!
So, the discussion continues…
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